From the point of view of some Islamic philosophers, this concept is the concept of existence.

if we do not begin thought from certain self-evident concepts, Metaphysics will not be affirmed as a science. Rather, it also points to a real dimension. In any case, the discussion regarding existence is not simply a conceptual one. The former discussed beings while the latter discussed existence itself.

Avicenna and Mulla Sadra paid special attention to this discussion. The discussion regarding existence is one of the most extensive discussions of Islamic philosophy. In particular, this study demonstrates that although the term of ‘civil society’ might have not yet been invented in the classical Islam and rather used in adab (civilised) and peradaban (civilisation), in practical level the core values criteria of civil society were already discussed, exercised and practiced by the proponents of Islamic culture long before the Western scholars invented the term ‘civil society.’ This is expected to contribute a better awareness and a more informed citizenry. This study reveals that there is some core significant enlightenment for the formal structure of civil society. Critical literature review was conducted to investigate using a historical-cultural perspective to deal with civil society from lexicographical sense with the character of urban society.

This study aims to critically explore civil society, which deals with the certain ideals based on the Islamic world. There has been lack of scholarly attention to explore the historical and cultural approach into what kind of significant reflection should be taken into consideration for theoretical and practical aspect in our society. Since civil society has been widely recognised as the rich social network of recreational and political organizations, the study is almost viewed within political and social approach.

Filsafat islam pdf